Pakistan Expels American As US NGO Found Operating As Cover For Blackwater In Pakistan

Reports suggest Pakistan has expelled a US Blackwater mercenary, but Pakistanis ask, ‘Who rules our streets, the Pakistani government or the Americans?’ And who let them in?

In May, a US diplomat was caught arranging a meeting between a suspected Indian spy and senior Pakistani officials in the privacy of her house. In June when Pakistani officials confronted Washington with evidence that terrorists in Pakistan were using sophisticated American weapons, US media quickly leaked stories about American weapons missing from the US-trained Afghan army. And now reports confirm that the dirty secret arm of the US government – the mercenaries of Blackwater – have infiltrated sensitive regions of Pakistan. Blackwater works as an extension of the US military and CIA, taking care of dirty jobs that the US government cannot associate itself with in faraway strategic places. The question: Who let them in? And who deported one of them, if at all?

By AHMED QURAISHI

Wednesday, 5 August 2009.

WWW.AHMEDQURAISHI.COM

Blackwater behind Pakistan bombings: Ex-intel chief

The former head of Pakistan's intelligence agency, ISI, Asad Durrani said in an interview with Press TV that Blackwater, a notorious US security firm, is carrying out operations in the country.

His comments came after the US Central intelligence Agency (CIA) revealed that Blackwater, which currently works under the name Xe Services, has been involved in drone attacks in Pakistan.

The CIA said the private security company has been loading bombs on US drones that target suspected militants in Pakistan. The attacks, according to Pakistani media, kill civilians as well.

General Durrani, however, said the group may be involved in actions that destabilize the country.

"My assessment is that they [Blackwater agents] — either themselves or most probably through others, through the locals — do carry out some of the explosions," he said.

"The idea is to carry out such actions, like carrying attacks in the civilian areas to make the others look bad in the eyes of the public."

Pakistan, suffering from a wave of violence, has witnessed the loss of lives of more than two thousands civilians in the past two years because of bomb attacks across the country.


http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=113540&sectionid=351020401

The Secret US War in Pakistan By Jeremy Scahill

At a covert forward operating base run by the US Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) in the Pakistani port city of Karachi, members of an elite division of Blackwater are at the center of a secret program in which they plan targeted assassinations of suspected Taliban and Al Qaeda operatives, "snatch and grabs" of high-value targets and other sensitive action inside and outside Pakistan, an investigation by The Nation has found. The Blackwater operatives also assist in gathering intelligence and help direct a secret US military drone bombing campaign that runs parallel to the well-documented CIA predator strikes, according to a well-placed source within the US military intelligence apparatus.
The source, who has worked on covert US military programs for years, including in Afghanistan and Pakistan, has direct knowledge of Blackwater's involvement. He spoke to The Nation on condition of anonymity because the program is classified. The source said that the program is so "compartmentalized" that senior figures within the Obama administration and the US military chain of command may not be aware of its existence.

The White House did not return calls or email messages seeking comment for this story. Capt. John Kirby, the spokesperson for Adm. Michael Mullen, Chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, told The Nation, "We do not discuss current operations one way or the other, regardless of their nature." A defense official, on background, specifically denied that Blackwater performs work on drone strikes or intelligence for JSOC in Pakistan. "We don't have any contracts to do that work for us. We don't contract that kind of work out, period," the official said. "There has not been, and is not now, contracts between JSOC and that organization for these types of services."

Blackwater's founder Erik Prince contradicted this statement in a recent interview, telling Vanity Fair that Blackwater works with US Special Forces in identifying targets and planning missions, citing an operation in Syria. The magazine also published a photo of a Blackwater base near the Afghanistan-Pakistan border.

The previously unreported program, the military intelligence source said, is distinct from the CIA assassination program that the agency's director, Leon Panetta, announced he had canceled in June 2009. "This is a parallel operation to the CIA," said the source. "They are two separate beasts." The program puts Blackwater at the epicenter of a US military operation within the borders of a nation against which the United States has not declared war--knowledge that could further strain the already tense relations between the United States and Pakistan. In 2006, the United States and Pakistan struck a deal that authorized JSOC to enter Pakistan to hunt Osama bin Laden with the understanding that Pakistan would deny it had given permission. Officially, the United States is not supposed to have any active military operations in the country.

Blackwater, which recently changed its name to Xe Services and US Training Center, denies the company is operating in Pakistan. "Xe Services has only one employee in Pakistan performing construction oversight for the U.S. Government," Blackwater spokesperson Mark Corallo said in a statement to The Nation, adding that the company has "no other operations of any kind in Pakistan."

A former senior executive at Blackwater confirmed the military intelligence source's claim that the company is working in Pakistan for the CIA and JSOC, the premier counterterrorism and covert operations force within the military. He said that Blackwater is also working for the Pakistani government on a subcontract with an Islamabad-based security firm that puts US Blackwater operatives on the ground with Pakistani forces in counter-terrorism operations, including house raids and border interdictions, in the North-West Frontier Province and elsewhere in Pakistan. This arrangement, the former executive said, allows the Pakistani government to utilize former US Special Operations forces who now work for Blackwater while denying an official US military presence in the country. He also confirmed that Blackwater has a facility in Karachi and has personnel deployed elsewhere in Pakistan. The former executive spoke on condition of anonymity.

His account and that of the military intelligence source were borne out by a US military source who has knowledge of Special Forces actions in Pakistan and Afghanistan. When asked about Blackwater's covert work for JSOC in Pakistan, this source, who also asked for anonymity, told The Nation, "From my information that I have, that is absolutely correct," adding, "There's no question that's occurring."

"It wouldn't surprise me because we've outsourced nearly everything," said Col. Lawrence Wilkerson, who served as Secretary of State Colin Powell's chief of staff from 2002 to 2005, when told of Blackwater's role in Pakistan. Wilkerson said that during his time in the Bush administration, he saw the beginnings of Blackwater's involvement with the sensitive operations of the military and CIA. "Part of this, of course, is an attempt to get around the constraints the Congress has placed on DoD. If you don't have sufficient soldiers to do it, you hire civilians to do it. I mean, it's that simple. It would not surprise me."

The Counterterrorism Tag Team in Karachi

The covert JSOC program with Blackwater in Pakistan dates back to at least 2007, according to the military intelligence source. The current head of JSOC is Vice Adm. William McRaven, who took over the post from Gen. Stanley McChrystal, who headed JSOC from 2003 to 2008 before being named the top US commander in Afghanistan. Blackwater's presence in Pakistan is "not really visible, and that's why nobody has cracked down on it," said the source. Blackwater's operations in Pakistan, he said, are not done through State Department contracts or publicly identified Defense contracts. "It's Blackwater via JSOC, and it's a classified no-bid [contract] approved on a rolling basis." The main JSOC/Blackwater facility in Karachi, according to the source, is nondescript: three trailers with various generators, satellite phones and computer systems are used as a makeshift operations center. "It's a very rudimentary operation," says the source. "I would compare it to [CIA] outposts in Kurdistan or any of the Special Forces outposts. It's very bare bones, and that's the point."

Blackwater's work for JSOC in Karachi is coordinated out of a Task Force based at Bagram Air Base in neighboring Afghanistan, according to the military intelligence source. While JSOC technically runs the operations in Karachi, he said, it is largely staffed by former US special operations soldiers working for a division of Blackwater, once known as Blackwater SELECT, and intelligence analysts working for a Blackwater affiliate, Total Intelligence Solutions (TIS), which is owned by Erik Prince. The military source said that the name Blackwater SELECT may have been changed recently. Total Intelligence, which is run out of an office on the ninth floor of a building in the Ballston area of Arlington, Virginia, is staffed by former analysts and operatives from the CIA, DIA, FBI and other agencies. It is modeled after the CIA's counterterrorism center. In Karachi, TIS runs a "media-scouring/open-source network," according to the source. Until recently, Total Intelligence was run by two former top CIA officials, Cofer Black and Robert Richer, both of whom have left the company. In Pakistan, Blackwater is not using either its original name or its new moniker, Xe Services, according to the former Blackwater executive. "They are running most of their work through TIS because the other two [names] have such a stain on them," he said. Corallo, the Blackwater spokesperson, denied that TIS or any other division or affiliate of Blackwater has any personnel in Pakistan.

The US military intelligence source said that Blackwater's classified contracts keep getting renewed at the request of JSOC. Blackwater, he said, is already so deeply entrenched that it has become a staple of the US military operations in Pakistan. According to the former Blackwater executive, "The politics that go with the brand of BW is somewhat set aside because what you're doing is really one military guy to another." Blackwater's first known contract with the CIA for operations in Afghanistan was awarded in 2002 and was for work along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border.

One of the concerns raised by the military intelligence source is that some Blackwater personnel are being given rolling security clearances above their approved clearances. Using Alternative Compartmentalized Control Measures (ACCMs), he said, the Blackwater personnel are granted clearance to a Special Access Program, the bureaucratic term used to describe highly classified "black" operations. "With an ACCM, the security manager can grant access to you to be exposed to and operate within compartmentalized programs far above 'secret'--even though you have no business doing so," said the source. It allows Blackwater personnel that "do not have the requisite security clearance or do not hold a security clearance whatsoever to participate in classified operations by virtue of trust," he added. "Think of it as an ultra-exclusive level above top secret. That's exactly what it is: a circle of love." Blackwater, therefore, has access to "all source" reports that are culled in part from JSOC units in the field. "That's how a lot of things over the years have been conducted with contractors," said the source. "We have contractors that regularly see things that top policy-makers don't unless they ask."

According to the source, Blackwater has effectively marketed itself as a company whose operatives have "conducted lethal direct action missions and now, for a price, you can have your own planning cell. JSOC just ate that up," he said, adding, "They have a sizable force in Pakistan--not for any nefarious purpose if you really want to look at it that way--but to support a legitimate contract that's classified for JSOC." Blackwater's Pakistan JSOC contracts are secret and are therefore shielded from public oversight, he said. The source is not sure when the arrangement with JSOC began, but he says that a spin-off of Blackwater SELECT "was issued a no-bid contract for support to shooters for a JSOC Task Force and they kept extending it." Some of the Blackwater personnel, he said, work undercover as aid workers. "Nobody even gives them a second thought."

The military intelligence source said that the Blackwater/JSOC Karachi operation is referred to as "Qatar cubed," in reference to the US forward operating base in Qatar that served as the hub for the planning and implementation of the US invasion of Iraq. "This is supposed to be the brave new world," he says. "This is the Jamestown of the new millennium and it's meant to be a lily pad. You can jump off to Uzbekistan, you can jump back over the border, you can jump sideways, you can jump northwest. It's strategically located so that they can get their people wherever they have to without having to wrangle with the military chain of command in Afghanistan, which is convoluted. They don't have to deal with that because they're operating under a classified mandate."

In addition to planning drone strikes and operations against suspected Al Qaeda and Taliban forces in Pakistan for both JSOC and the CIA, the Blackwater team in Karachi also helps plan missions for JSOC inside Uzbekistan against the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, according to the military intelligence source. Blackwater does not actually carry out the operations, he said, which are executed on the ground by JSOC forces. "That piqued my curiosity and really worries me because I don't know if you noticed but I was never told we are at war with Uzbekistan," he said. "So, did I miss something, did Rumsfeld come back into power?"

Pakistan's Military Contracting Maze

Blackwater, according to the military intelligence source, is not doing the actual killing as part of its work in Pakistan. "The SELECT personnel are not going into places with private aircraft and going after targets," he said. "It's not like Blackwater SELECT people are running around assassinating people." Instead, US Special Forces teams carry out the plans developed in part by Blackwater. The military intelligence source drew a distinction between the Blackwater operatives who work for the State Department, which he calls "Blackwater Vanilla," and the seasoned Special Forces veterans who work on the JSOC program. "Good or bad, there's a small number of people who know how to pull off an operation like that. That's probably a good thing," said the source. "It's the Blackwater SELECT people that have and continue to plan these types of operations because they're the only people that know how and they went where the money was. It's not trigger-happy fucks, like some of the PSD [Personal Security Detail] guys. These are not people that believe that Barack Obama is a socialist, these are not people that kill innocent civilians. They're very good at what they do."

The former Blackwater executive, when asked for confirmation that Blackwater forces were not actively killing people in Pakistan, said, "that's not entirely accurate." While he concurred with the military intelligence source's description of the JSOC and CIA programs, he pointed to another role Blackwater is allegedly playing in Pakistan, not for the US government but for Islamabad. According to the executive, Blackwater works on a subcontract for Kestral Logistics, a powerful Pakistani firm, which specializes in military logistical support, private security and intelligence consulting. It is staffed with former high-ranking Pakistani army and government officials. While Kestral's main offices are in Pakistan, it also has branches in several other countries.

A spokesperson for the US State Department's Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC), which is responsible for issuing licenses to US corporations to provide defense-related services to foreign governments or entities, would neither confirm nor deny for The Nation that Blackwater has a license to work in Pakistan or to work with Kestral. "We cannot help you," said department spokesperson David McKeeby after checking with the relevant DDTC officials. "You'll have to contact the companies directly." Blackwater's Corallo said the company has "no operations of any kind" in Pakistan other than the one employee working for the DoD. Kestral did not respond to inquiries from The Nation.

According to federal lobbying records, Kestral recently hired former Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs Roger Noriega, who served in that post from 2003 to 2005, to lobby the US government, including the State Department, USAID and Congress, on foreign affairs issues "regarding [Kestral's] capabilities to carry out activities of interest to the United States." Noriega was hired through his firm, Vision Americas, which he runs with Christina Rocca, a former CIA operations official who served as assistant secretary of state for South Asian affairs from 2001 to 2006 and was deeply involved in shaping US policy toward Pakistan. In October 2009, Kestral paid Vision Americas $15,000 and paid a Vision Americas-affiliated firm, Firecreek Ltd., an equal amount to lobby on defense and foreign policy issues.

For years, Kestral has done a robust business in defense logistics with the Pakistani government and other nations, as well as top US defense companies. Blackwater owner Erik Prince is close with Kestral CEO Liaquat Ali Baig, according to the former Blackwater executive. "Ali and Erik have a pretty close relationship," he said. "They've met many times and struck a deal, and they [offer] mutual support for one another." Working with Kestral, he said, Blackwater has provided convoy security for Defense Department shipments destined for Afghanistan that would arrive in the port at Karachi. Blackwater, according to the former executive, would guard the supplies as they were transported overland from Karachi to Peshawar and then west through the Torkham border crossing, the most important supply route for the US military in Afghanistan.

According to the former executive, Blackwater operatives also integrate with Kestral's forces in sensitive counterterrorism operations in the North-West Frontier Province, where they work in conjunction with the Pakistani Interior Ministry's paramilitary force, known as the Frontier Corps (alternately referred to as "frontier scouts"). The Blackwater personnel are technically advisers, but the former executive said that the line often gets blurred in the field. Blackwater "is providing the actual guidance on how to do [counterterrorism operations] and Kestral's folks are carrying a lot of them out, but they're having the guidance and the overwatch from some BW guys that will actually go out with the teams when they're executing the job," he said. "You can see how that can lead to other things in the border areas." He said that when Blackwater personnel are out with the Pakistani teams, sometimes its men engage in operations against suspected terrorists. "You've got BW guys that are assisting... and they're all going to want to go on the jobs--so they're going to go with them," he said. "So, the things that you're seeing in the news about how this Pakistani military group came in and raided this house or did this or did that--in some of those cases, you're going to have Western folks that are right there at the house, if not in the house." Blackwater, he said, is paid by the Pakistani government through Kestral for consulting services. "That gives the Pakistani government the cover to say, 'Hey, no, we don't have any Westerners doing this. It's all local and our people are doing it.' But it gets them the expertise that Westerners provide for [counterterrorism]-related work."

The military intelligence source confirmed Blackwater works with the Frontier Corps, saying, "There's no real oversight. It's not really on people's radar screen."

In October, in response to Pakistani news reports that a Kestral warehouse in Islamabad was being used to store heavy weapons for Blackwater, the US Embassy in Pakistan released a statement denying the weapons were being used by "a private American security contractor." The statement said, "Kestral Logistics is a private logistics company that handles the importation of equipment and supplies provided by the United States to the Government of Pakistan. All of the equipment and supplies were imported at the request of the Government of Pakistan, which also certified the shipments."

Who is Behind the Drone Attacks?

Since President Barack Obama was inaugurated, the United States has expanded drone bombing raids in Pakistan. Obama first ordered a drone strike against targets in North and South Waziristan on January 23, and the strikes have been conducted consistently ever since. The Obama administration has now surpassed the number of Bush-era strikes in Pakistan and has faced fierce criticism from Pakistan and some US lawmakers over civilian deaths. A drone attack in June killed as many as sixty people attending a Taliban funeral.

In August, the New York Times reported that Blackwater works for the CIA at "hidden bases in Pakistan and Afghanistan, where the company's contractors assemble and load Hellfire missiles and 500-pound laser-guided bombs on remotely piloted Predator aircraft." In February, The Times of London obtained a satellite image of a secret CIA airbase in Shamsi, in Pakistan's southwestern province of Baluchistan, showing three drone aircraft. The New York Times also reported that the agency uses a secret base in Jalalabad, Afghanistan, to strike in Pakistan.

The military intelligence source says that the drone strike that reportedly killed Pakistani Taliban leader Baitullah Mehsud, his wife and his bodyguards in Waziristan in August was a CIA strike, but that many others attributed in media reports to the CIA are actually JSOC strikes. "Some of these strikes are attributed to OGA [Other Government Agency, intelligence parlance for the CIA], but in reality it's JSOC and their parallel program of UAVs [unmanned aerial vehicles] because they also have access to UAVs. So when you see some of these hits, especially the ones with high civilian casualties, those are almost always JSOC strikes." The Pentagon has stated bluntly, "There are no US military strike operations being conducted in Pakistan."

The military intelligence source also confirmed that Blackwater continues to work for the CIA on its drone bombing program in Pakistan, as previously reported in the New York Times, but added that Blackwater is working on JSOC's drone bombings as well. "It's Blackwater running the program for both CIA and JSOC," said the source. When civilians are killed, "people go, 'Oh, it's the CIA doing crazy shit again unchecked.' Well, at least 50 percent of the time, that's JSOC [hitting] somebody they've identified through HUMINT [human intelligence] or they've culled the intelligence themselves or it's been shared with them and they take that person out and that's how it works."

The military intelligence source says that the CIA operations are subject to Congressional oversight, unlike the parallel JSOC bombings. "Targeted killings are not the most popular thing in town right now and the CIA knows that," he says. "Contractors and especially JSOC personnel working under a classified mandate are not [overseen by Congress], so they just don't care. If there's one person they're going after and there's thirty-four people in the building, thirty-five people are going to die. That's the mentality." He added, "They're not accountable to anybody and they know that. It's an open secret, but what are you going to do, shut down JSOC?"

In addition to working on covert action planning and drone strikes, Blackwater SELECT also provides private guards to perform the sensitive task of security for secret US drone bases, JSOC camps and Defense Intelligence Agency camps inside Pakistan, according to the military intelligence source.

Mosharraf Zaidi, a well-known Pakistani journalist who has served as a consultant for the UN and European Union in Pakistan and Afghanistan, says that the Blackwater/JSOC program raises serious questions about the norms of international relations. "The immediate question is, How do you define the active pursuit of military objectives in a country with which not only have you not declared war but that is supposedly a front-line non-NATO ally in the US struggle to contain extremist violence coming out of Afghanistan and the border regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan?" asks Zaidi, who is currently a columnist for The News, the biggest English-language daily in Pakistan. "Let's forget Blackwater for a second. What this is confirming is that there are US military operations in Pakistan that aren't about logistics or getting food to Bagram; that are actually about the exercise of physical violence, physical force inside of Pakistani territory."

JSOC: Rumsfeld and Cheney's Extra Special Force

Colonel Wilkerson said that he is concerned that with General McChrystal's elevation as the military commander of the Afghan war--which is increasingly seeping into Pakistan--there is a concomitant rise in JSOC's power and influence within the military structure. "I don't see how you can escape that; it's just a matter of the way the authority flows and the power flows, and it's inevitable, I think," Wilkerson told The Nation. He added, "I'm alarmed when I see execute orders and combat orders that go out saying that the supporting force is Central Command and the supported force is Special Operations Command," under which JSOC operates. "That's backward. But that's essentially what we have today."

From 2003 to 2008 McChrystal headed JSOC, which is headquartered at Pope Air Force Base and Fort Bragg in North Carolina, where Blackwater's 7,000-acre operating base is also situated. JSOC controls the Army's Delta Force, the Navy's SEAL Team 6, as well as the Army's 75th Ranger Regiment and 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment, and the Air Force's 24th Special Tactics Squadron. JSOC performs strike operations, reconnaissance in denied areas and special intelligence missions. Blackwater, which was founded by former Navy SEALs, employs scores of veteran Special Forces operators--which several former military officials pointed to as the basis for Blackwater's alleged contracts with JSOC.

Since 9/11, many top-level Special Forces veterans have taken up employment with private firms, where they can make more money doing the highly specialized work they did in uniform. "The Blackwater individuals have the experience. A lot of these individuals are retired military, and they've been around twenty to thirty years and have experience that the younger Green Beret guys don't," said retired Army Lieut. Col. Jeffrey Addicott, a well-connected military lawyer who served as senior legal counsel for US Army Special Forces. "They're known entities. Everybody knows who they are, what their capabilities are, and they've got the experience. They're very valuable."

"They make much more money being the smarts of these operations, planning hits in various countries and basing it off their experience in Chechnya, Bosnia, Somalia, Ethiopia," said the military intelligence source. "They were there for all of these things, they know what the hell they're talking about. And JSOC has unfortunately lost the institutional capability to plan within, so they hire back people that used to work for them and had already planned and executed these [types of] operations. They hired back people that jumped over to Blackwater SELECT and then pay them exorbitant amounts of money to plan future operations. It's a ridiculous revolving door."

While JSOC has long played a central role in US counterterrorism and covert operations, military and civilian officials who worked at the Defense and State Departments during the Bush administration described in interviews with The Nation an extremely cozy relationship that developed between the executive branch (primarily through Vice President Dick Cheney and Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld) and JSOC. During the Bush era, Special Forces turned into a virtual stand-alone operation that acted outside the military chain of command and in direct coordination with the White House. Throughout the Bush years, it was largely General McChrystal who ran JSOC. "What I was seeing was the development of what I would later see in Iraq and Afghanistan, where Special Operations forces would operate in both theaters without the conventional commander even knowing what they were doing," said Colonel Wilkerson. "That's dangerous, that's very dangerous. You have all kinds of mess when you don't tell the theater commander what you're doing."

Wilkerson said that almost immediately after assuming his role at the State Department under Colin Powell, he saw JSOC being politicized and developing a close relationship with the executive branch. He saw this begin, he said, after his first Delta Force briefing at Fort Bragg. "I think Cheney and Rumsfeld went directly into JSOC. I think they went into JSOC at times, perhaps most frequently, without the SOCOM [Special Operations] commander at the time even knowing it. The receptivity in JSOC was quite good," says Wilkerson. "I think Cheney was actually giving McChrystal instructions, and McChrystal was asking him for instructions." He said the relationship between JSOC and Cheney and Rumsfeld "built up initially because Rumsfeld didn't get the responsiveness. He didn't get the can-do kind of attitude out of the SOCOM commander, and so as Rumsfeld was wont to do, he cut him out and went straight to the horse's mouth. At that point you had JSOC operating as an extension of the [administration] doing things the executive branch--read: Cheney and Rumsfeld--wanted it to do. This would be more or less carte blanche. You need to do it, do it. It was very alarming for me as a conventional soldier."

Wilkerson said the JSOC teams caused diplomatic problems for the United States across the globe. "When these teams started hitting capital cities and other places all around the world, [Rumsfeld] didn't tell the State Department either. The only way we found out about it is our ambassadors started to call us and say, 'Who the hell are these six-foot-four white males with eighteen-inch biceps walking around our capital cities?' So we discovered this, we discovered one in South America, for example, because he actually murdered a taxi driver, and we had to get him out of there real quick. We rendered him--we rendered him home."

As part of their strategy, Rumsfeld and Cheney also created the Strategic Support Branch (SSB), which pulled intelligence resources from the Defense Intelligence Agency and the CIA for use in sensitive JSOC operations. The SSB was created using "reprogrammed" funds "without explicit congressional authority or appropriation," according to the Washington Post. The SSB operated outside the military chain of command and circumvented the CIA's authority on clandestine operations. Rumsfeld created it as part of his war to end "near total dependence on CIA." Under US law, the Defense Department is required to report all deployment orders to Congress. But guidelines issued in January 2005 by former Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence Stephen Cambone stated that Special Operations forces may "conduct clandestine HUMINT operations...before publication" of a deployment order. This effectively gave Rumsfeld unilateral control over clandestine operations.

The military intelligence source said that when Rumsfeld was defense secretary, JSOC was deployed to commit some of the "darkest acts" in part to keep them concealed from Congress. "Everything can be justified as a military operation versus a clandestine intelligence performed by the CIA, which has to be informed to Congress," said the source. "They were aware of that and they knew that, and they would exploit it at every turn and they took full advantage of it. They knew they could act extra-legally and nothing would happen because A, it was sanctioned by DoD at the highest levels, and B, who was going to stop them? They were preparing the battlefield, which was on all of the PowerPoints: 'Preparing the Battlefield.'"

The significance of the flexibility of JSOC's operations inside Pakistan versus the CIA's is best summed up by Senator Dianne Feinstein, chair of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. "Every single intelligence operation and covert action must be briefed to the Congress," she said. "If they are not, that is a violation of the law."

Blackwater: Company Non Grata in Pakistan

For months, the Pakistani media has been flooded with stories about Blackwater's alleged growing presence in the country. For the most part, these stories have been ignored by the US press and denounced as lies or propaganda by US officials in Pakistan. But the reality is that, although many of the stories appear to be wildly exaggerated, Pakistanis have good reason to be concerned about Blackwater's operations in their country. It is no secret in Washington or Islamabad that Blackwater has been a central part of the wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan and that the company has been involved--almost from the beginning of the "war on terror"--with clandestine US operations. Indeed, Blackwater is accepting applications for contractors fluent in Urdu and Punjabi. The US Ambassador to Pakistan, Anne Patterson, has denied Blackwater's presence in the country, stating bluntly in September, "Blackwater is not operating in Pakistan." In her trip to Pakistan in October, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton dodged questions from the Pakistani press about Blackwater's rumored Pakistani operations. Pakistan's interior minister, Rehman Malik, said on November 21 he will resign if Blackwater is found operating anywhere in Pakistan.

The Christian Science Monitor recently reported that Blackwater "provides security for a US-backed aid project" in Peshawar, suggesting the company may be based out of the Pearl Continental, a luxury hotel the United States reportedly is considering purchasing to use as a consulate in the city. "We have no contracts in Pakistan," Blackwater spokesperson Stacey DeLuke said recently. "We've been blamed for all that has gone wrong in Peshawar, none of which is true, since we have absolutely no presence there."

Reports of Blackwater's alleged presence in Karachi and elsewhere in the country have been floating around the Pakistani press for months. Hamid Mir, a prominent Pakistani journalist who rose to fame after his 1997 interview with Osama bin Laden, claimed in a recent interview that Blackwater is in Karachi. "The US [intelligence] agencies think that a number of Al-Qaeda and Taliban leaders are hiding in Karachi and Peshawar," he said. "That is why [Blackwater] agents are operating in these two cities." Ambassador Patterson has said that the claims of Mir and other Pakistani journalists are "wildly incorrect," saying they had compromised the security of US personnel in Pakistan. On November 20 the Washington Times, citing three current and former US intelligence officials, reported that Mullah Mohammed Omar, the leader of the Afghan Taliban, has "found refuge from potential U.S. attacks" in Karachi "with the assistance of Pakistan's intelligence service."

In September, the Pakistani press covered a report on Blackwater allegedly submitted by Pakistan's intelligence agencies to the federal interior ministry. In the report, the intelligence agencies reportedly allege that Blackwater was provided houses by a federal minister who is also helping them clear shipments of weapons and vehicles through Karachi's Port Qasim on the coast of the Arabian Sea. The military intelligence source did not confirm this but did say, "The port jives because they have a lot of [former] SEALs and they would revert to what they know: the ocean, instead of flying stuff in."

The Nation cannot independently confirm these allegations and has not seen the Pakistani intelligence report. But according to Pakistani press coverage, the intelligence report also said Blackwater has acquired "bungalows" in the Defense Housing Authority in the city. According to the DHA website, it is a large residential estate originally established "for the welfare of the serving and retired officers of the Armed Forces of Pakistan." Its motto is: "Home for Defenders." The report alleges Blackwater is receiving help from local government officials in Karachi and is using vehicles with license plates traditionally assigned to members of the national and provincial assemblies, meaning local law enforcement will not stop them.

The use of private companies like Blackwater for sensitive operations such as drone strikes or other covert work undoubtedly comes with the benefit of plausible deniability that places an additional barrier in an already deeply flawed system of accountability. When things go wrong, it's the contractors' fault, not the government's. But the widespread use of contractors also raises serious legal questions, particularly when they are a part of lethal, covert actions. "We are using contractors for things that in the past might have been considered to be a violation of the Geneva Convention," said Lt. Col. Addicott, who now runs the Center for Terrorism Law at St. Mary's University School of Law in San Antonio, Texas. "In my opinion, we have pressed the envelope to the breaking limit, and it's almost a fiction that these guys are not in offensive military operations." Addicott added, "If we were subjected to the International Criminal Court, some of these guys could easily be picked up, charged with war crimes and put on trial. That's one of the reasons we're not members of the International Criminal Court."

If there is one quality that has defined Blackwater over the past decade, it is the ability to survive against the odds while simultaneously reinventing and rebranding itself. That is most evident in Afghanistan, where the company continues to work for the US military, the CIA and the State Department despite intense criticism and almost weekly scandals. Blackwater's alleged Pakistan operations, said the military intelligence source, are indicative of its new frontier. "Having learned its lessons after the private security contracting fiasco in Iraq, Blackwater has shifted its operational focus to two venues: protecting things that are in danger and anticipating other places we're going to go as a nation that are dangerous," he said. "It's as simple as that."

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blackwater in pakistan

Orya Maqbool Jan of Express News wrote in is column that University Town in Peshawar is the headquarter of Black Water in Pakistan. He also claims that Black Water people can been frequently seen in the area guarding vehicles and people, clad in black suits and black glasses. He also says that the biggest embassy of America in Islamabad having thousands of employees is just another Black Water plan. He also says that Black Water is operating in Pakistan under the cover of a NGO Creative Associates.

QUAID’S LAST REVOLUTIONARY MESSAGE TO THE NATION

Key to success for Pakistan is hidden in this speech.

                                                                                    

State Bank of Pakistan has been witness to various historic moments. The State Bank itself was inaugurated by Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Quaid-e-Azam’s last speech which has been kept hidden from us, because he proposed an economic system based on true Islamic concept.Read the paragraph 4 for which it was kept as an forgotten word, it not only rejects the secular-state theory of Quaid Aazam’s Pakistan but establishes Jinnah’s views about western system. Look how close he predicts the western collapse 60 years before. This speech was delivered on the opening ceremony of The State Bank of Pakistan on 1st July, 1948. Also watch Zaid Hamid comments on this too at the end.

                                                                                        

Quaid-i-Azam delivering his inaugural address on the occasion of the opening ceremony of the State Bank of Pakistan on July 1, 1948.

“Mr. Governor, Directors of State Bank, Ladies and Gentlemen.

The opening of the State Bank of Pakistan symbolizes the sovereignty of our State in the financial sphere and I am very glad to be here today to perform the opening ceremony. It was not considered feasible to start a Bank of our own simultaneously with the coming into being of Pakistan in August last year. A good deal of preparatory work must precede the inauguration of an institution responsible for such technical and delicate work as note issue and banking. To allow for this preparation, it was provided, under the Pakistan Monetary System and Reserve Bank Order, 1947, that the Reserve Bank of India should continue to be the currency and banking authority of Pakistan till the 30th September, 1948. Later on it was felt that it would be in the best interests of our State if the Reserve Bank of India were relieved of its functions in Pakistan, as early as possible. The State of transfer of these functions to a Pakistan agency was consequently advanced by three months in agreement with the Government of India and the Reserve Bank. It was at the same time decided to establish a Central Bank of Pakistan in preference to any other agency for managing our currency and banking. This decision left very little time for the small band of trained personnel in this field in Pakistan to complete the preliminaries and they have by their untiring effort and hard work completed their task by the due date which is very creditable to them, and I wish to record a note of our appreciation of their labours.

As you have observed, Mr. Governor in undivided India banking was kept a close preserve of non-Muslims and their migration from Western Pakistan has caused a good deal of dislocation in the economic life of our young State. In order that the wheels of commerce and industry should run smoothly, it is imperative that the vacuum caused by the exodus of non-Muslims should be filled without delay. I am glad to note that schemes for training Pakistan nationals in banking are in hand. I will watch their progress with interest and I am confident that the State Bank will receive the co-operation of all concerned including the banks and Universities in pushing them forward. Banking will provide a new and wide field in which the genius of our young men can find full play. I am sure that they will come forward in large numbers to take advantage of the training facilities which are proposed to be provided. While doing so, they will not only be benefiting themselves but also contributing to the well-being of our State.

I need hardly dilate on the important role that the State Bank will have to play in regulating the economic life of our country. The monetary policy of the bank will have a direct bearing on our trade and commerce, both inside Pakistan as well as with the outside world and it is only to be desired that your policy should encourage maximum production and a free flow of trade. The monetary policy pursued during the war years contributed, in no small measure, to our present day economic problems. The abnormal rise in the cost of living has hit the poorer sections of society including those with fixed incomes very hard indeed and is responsible to a great extent for the prevailing unrest in the country. The policy of the Pakistan Government is to stabilize prices at a level that would be fair to the producer, as well as the consumer. I hope your efforts will be directed in the same direction in order to tackle this crucial problem with success.

May the Sate Bank of Pakistan prosper and fulfill the high ideals which have been set as its goal.

In the end I thank you, Mr. Governor, for the warm welcome given to me by you and your colleagues, and the distinguished guests who have graced this occasion as a mark of their good wishes and the honour your have done me in inviting me to perform this historic opening ceremony of the State Bank which I feel will develop into one of our greatest national institutions and play its part fully throughout the world.”

Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah 1st July, 1948

I shall watch with keenness the work of your Research Organization in evolving banking practices compatible with Islamic ideas of social and economic life. The economic system of the West has created almost insoluble problems for humanity and to many of us it appears that only a miracle can save it from disaster that is not facing the world. It has failed to do justice between man and man and to eradicate friction from the international field. On the contrary, it was largely responsible for the two world wars in the last half century. The Western world, in spite of its advantages, of mechanization and industrial efficiency is today in a worse mess than ever before in history. The adoption of Western economic theory and practice will not help us in achieving our goal of creating a happy and contended people. We must work our destiny in our own way and present to the world an economic system based on true Islamic concept of equality of manhood and social justice. We will thereby be fulfilling our mission as Muslims and giving to humanity the message of peace which alone can save it and secure the welfare.

Source:   http://www.risepakistan.net/2009/12/24/quaid’s-last-revolutionary-message-to-the-nation-time-to-wake-up/

                    http://sbp.org.pk/about/history/h_moments.htm

Loan Waiver Beneficiaries

By Rauf Klasra ISLAMABAD: In a country where over 40 per cent of the population is said to be languishing under the poverty line with families surviving on less than $2 a day, the shameful revelation of the filthy rich getting loans worth over Rs100 billion written-off owing to their formidable clout is shocking the nation. And this shameful list carries some of the biggest names of our power elite. The names of Ch Shujaat and Ch Pervez Elahi were found among about 1,000 influential businessmen and Army men who got a total of Rs18 billion loans written-off from the government-owned banks during the first three years of the military government. The list was submitted in the NA when Zafarullah Jamali was the prime minister and Shaukat Aziz was the finance minister. The first loan of Rs70 million was outstanding against the Punjab Sugar Mills and was written off by the National Bank of Pakistan along with the actual loan amount. The mill was owned by Chaudhry Shujaat Husssain, Chaudhry Mansoor Elahi, Chaudhry Pervez Elahi, Chaudhry Gulzar Mohammad, Chaudhry Wajahat Hussain, Chaudhry Sabhat Elahi, Mrs Qisara Elahi (wife of Chaudhry Pervez Elahi), Mrs Kasur Hussain (wife of Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain), Mrs Khalida Begum (wife of Gulzar Muhammad). The second loan of Rs15 million was written off by the UBL outstanding against Punjab Sugar Mills. The beneficiaries were once again Ch Manzoor Elahi, Ch Shujaat Hussain, Pervez Elahi, Wajahat Hussain, Shafaat Hussain, Gulzar Ahmed and Mrs Qaisra Elahi, Khalida Begum, and Kauser Hussain. The UBL once again wrote off another loan of Rs34.1 million outstanding against the Spaco Private Limited. The beneficiaries were the same — Ch Pervez Elahi, Shujaat Hussain, Manzoor Elahi, Wajahat Hussain, Sabahat Elahi, Mrs Kauser Hussain, Qaisra Elahi. It may be added that these loans were written off after declaring their industrial establishments as “sick industry or on the pretext of bankruptcy.” Many of them denied having got their loans written-off. The political sources claimed that Shahbaz Sharif and Nawaz Sharif knew this troubling fact about the Chaudhrys of Gujrat. Even Imran Khan had been showing the official documents of another bank, which had also written off loans to get the Chaudhrys disqualified from contesting the elections. But his desperate pleas were never entertained by the Election Commission of Pakistan courtesy the might and clout these cousins enjoyed during the early years of General Pervez Musharraf in power. The sources said, on the basis of their own knowledge about the Chaudhrys loan write off, the Sharif brothers were agitating the issue of loan write-off in the media with the public demand to put all the loan beneficiaries on trial after recovering the written-off amounts. The mighty Chaudhrys of Gujrat — Ch Shujaat Hussain, Ch Pervez Elahi and their family members — reportedly got three different bank loans of Rs120 million written off from the National Bank and United Bank of Pakistan during their heady days of power. This has been revealed in the official record of the National Assembly library, which has now formally confirmed that several top politicians and their family members had quietly got several bank loans written off, which had been outstanding against their sugar and textile mills and other industrial units. These bank loans were mainly written off by the state-run National Bank of Pakistan and United Bank Limited in the past. The official record available with The News, which was placed in the NA in the last one decade, revealed that a total of Rs30 billion loans were written off between 1985-2002, which had been outstanding against the top politicians and powerful industrial groups of the country. The list was compiled by the then caretaker government of 1993 led by Moin Qureshi. In 2007, Auditor General of Pakistan revealed in its report that during the period 2002-2007, a sum of Rs54 billion was written off by Musharraf government. Thus, total figure had reached to Rs85 billions. But, now the recent official report to the NA during the question hour revealed that the total figure of written-off loans had finally crossed over Rs100 billion, after adding the loan amounts written off during two years of PPP government since 2008. The official list of loan write-off beneficiaries of different periods since 1985 to 2002 revealed that former speaker Gohar Ayub Khan’s family and former Chief Minister Balochistan Jaam Yousuf, are also among other prominent politicians, who got the loans written off from the banks. The three mighty business families of Pakistan are also among the beneficiaries of these loan write offs in the past. The former housing minister of General Pervez Musharraf -Abbas Sarfraz is also among the beneficiaries who got a massive loan against his sugar mill written off. Lt General Habibullah and Brig M Jan are among the list. The Saifullah family of Lucky Marwat got four loans written off from different banks. The names of Anwar Saifullha Khan, Javed Saifullah, Hamayun Saifullah, Arbab Saddaullha Khan, Shah Jehan Khan, Nisar Khan are part of the list submitted in the NA in 1994 in response to a question by MNA Barjees Tahir. First, the Saifullah brothers got loans written off against their mill— Ms Kohat Textile Mills from the National Bank. The matriarch of the Saifullah family, Mrs Kalsoom Saifullah also got a loan of Rs12 million written off from NBP against Ms Frontier Towel Works, Kohat. Industrial bank also wrote off loan of Rs26 million of Javed Saifullah, Salim Saifullah, Hamayun Saifullah and others against Kohat Textile Mills. The MCB also wrote off loan against the Kohat Textile Mill. Jatoi family of Sindh also got a loan of Rs6.7 million written off from UBL. The beneficiary was Dr Ghafar Jatoi and his brothers. Leghari family also got Rs67 million loans written off from UBL. The beneficiaries included Jafar Khan Leghari, Jamil Ahmed Khan Leghari, Yousuf Khan Leghari, Tariq Khan Leghari, Atta Mohammad Leghari, etc. Saigal group got the loan written off against Omaryar Limited, Lahore. The group got another loan of Rs4 million written off from the UBL. A loan of Rs10.3 million was written off by Investment Corporation of Pakistan. Iqbal Z Ahmed, Mrs Saira Ahmed also got a loan of Rs5.5 million written off from United Bank of Pakistan. Another small loan of Rs1.4 million got written off from UBL against Hassan Ali and company. A loan of Rs18 million was also written off against Hashoo Holdings. Meanwhile, investigations conducted by this correspondent after going through the official record of the National Assembly Secretariat, where all these loan documents were placed from time to time since 1994, even Daewoo Corporation of Pakistan was one of the beneficiaries of such big loans written-off by the government banks. National Bank of Pakistan had written off a loan of Rs10 million against Daewoo. The loan was outstanding against Kim Waoo Choong, Kim Joun Sung, Lee Woo Bok, Yoon Nuke NEON, Chui Myoung Kul. The list showed that Karachi-based businessmen have been treated with exceptional kindness by the National Bank of Pakistan. According to the list of such people whose loans and principal amounts were written-off during the last three years, National Bank of Pakistan wrote off billion of rupees from taxpayers’ accounts. Most of the written-off loans went to the textile and industrial giants of the country owned by mighty businessmen, politically influential, former bureaucrats and military officers. The big industrialists like Adamjee Industries owned by Farooq Sheikh, Mrs Shireen Farooq, Mumtaz Sheikh, Tahir Sheikh got Rs448 million written-off from the NBP. Mohib Textile owned by Asif Saigol also got Rs1.1 billion written-off in 2002. The other big names included in the list are First Tawakkal Modaraba owned by Abdul Qadir Tawakkal, Mohammad Rafiq Tawakkal, Alif Husain Mooney, Abid Hussain Rs621 million written-off, National Frutctose Limited owned by Shairullah Durrani got Rs681 million written-off, Glamour Textile Mills owned by Iftikhar Ahmed Malik got Rs533 million written-off and others. Two foreign nationals also got the loans written-off. Pakland Cement got Rs10 million written off, Cast N Link owned by Anwar Ahmed got Rs159 million written-off. Taha Spinning limited got Rs64 million written off. Following is the list of mighty individuals and business tycoons whose loans were written-off in majority of cases along with principal amount from National Bank of Pakistan (NBP). KARACHI: Zahid Fazal (Farah Enterprises) Rs09 m; White Bird Chick Limited Rs8.2 m, Advance Computer Technology Rs1.1 m, Hamid D Habib of Balochistan Glass Rs6 m, Latif Paul of TS Latisons Rs0.5 m, Anisure Rehman of Zeb Enterprises Rs1.9 m, Chaudhry Mohammad Younis of Ice Land Cold storage Rs16 m, Mohammad Saleheen of Naveed Farbics Rs0.7 m, Younis Rs0.5 m, Mohammad Sultan Rs0.5 m, Azhar Jamil of Sindh Industries Enterprises Rs0.2 m, Mushtaq Ahmed Rs0.5 m, Asghar Ali Rs05 m, Fida Mohamamd Rs0.5 m, Mohammad Ismail Rs0.5 m, Abdul Sattar Rs0.5 m, Lal Mohamamd Rs0.5 m, Mohammad Akbar Baloch Rs0.5 m, Ghulam Farooq Rs0.5 m, Amir Baksh Rs0.5 m, Mohammad Naseem Rs0.5 m, M Shoaib Rs0.5 m, Liaqat Ali Khan Rs0.514 m, Khaliq Farooqi Rs0.5 m, Irfan Rs0.572 m, Irfan Rs0.572 m, Sikandar Rs0.5 m, Asrar Hussain Sarbazi Rs0.56 m, Abdul Hameed Rs0.576 m, Mohammad Yaqoob Rs0.576 m, Shafqat Rehman Rs0.575 m, Shahbaz Aqeel Rs0.575 m, Abida Sultana Rs0.509 m, Mohammad Hanif Rs0.5 m, Tarranum Baig Rs0.5 m, Hidyatullah Farid Rs1.3 m, Pak Hardware and Paint Rs0.9 m, Mohammad Ali Rs0.5 m, Sh Mohammad Zahid Rs0.5 m, Mohammad Ayub Rs0.5 m, Nadeem Ahmed Rs0.5 m, Mushtaq Ahmed Rs0.517 m, Mushtaq Ishaq Rs0.5 m, Mir Mohammad Baloch Rs0.5 m, Mohammad Altaf Hussain Rs0.5 m, Abdul Khalil Rs0.5 m, Abdul Rahim Khatri Rs0.517 m, Imam Buksh Rs0.535m, Abdul Hameed Rs0.576 m, Wideyat Ali Rs0.5 m, Rizwan Hasan Rs0.5 m, Mohammad Sarwar Rs0.5 m, Maqbool Hussain Rs0.5 m, Ali Asghar Rs0.512 m, Shahnawz Rs0.524 m, Jawed Floor Mills of Rana Mohammad Siddiqui Rs20 m, Muhammad of Madina Food Industries Rs1.45 m, Syed Qmar Hai of Indus Poultry Farm Rs0.55 m, Mian Maqbool Ahmed of Alam Shuttle Industries Rs2.432 m, M Yousaf Khan of Progressive Industries Enterprises Rs0.7 m, Abdul Rashid of Aziz Company Rs0.5 m, Nasir Hussain Shah of Shah Cotton Factory Rs5.4 m, Hazoor Khan Chanido of Chandi Floor Mills Dadu Rs0.7 m, Pir Sarfrarz Ahmed of Nawab Shah Rs0.8 m, Munawar Hussain Rs0.722 m, Manzoor Hussain of Al Imran Hotel Ranipur Rs0.6 m, Arjandas of Arjandas Rice Rs1.05 m, Atta Mohamamd Marri of Mari Fish Farm Rs0.7 m, Atta Mohammad Mari Rs1.4m, S Zaheer Hussain Shah Rs0.9 m, Mst Ashraf Begum Rs0.5 m, Mohammad Idris Rs0.6 m, Sardar Taj Mohammad Rs0.8 m,Sh Saleem Ali of Capital Flour Mills, Murdikey Rs3 m, Mohamamd Afazal of Arshaq and Co, Lahore Rs0.9 m, Sanullah from Gujranwala Rs0.6 m, Hassan Ali Khan of Lahore Rs0.5 m, Sh Abdul Rehman Rs1.33 m, Lali Akbar of Abbas Trader, Kasur Rs0.8 m, Tariq Mir of Mir Iron Store, Lahore Rs0.5 m, Mustafa Ali Mir, Lahore Rs0.6 m, M Latif of Arshad Latif Indus Rs6.3 m, Mohammad Riaz of Riaz Furniture House Rs0.8 m, Mohammad Amin Khan of Makran Int Rs1.7 m, Haji Mohammad Ishaq of Tariq Industries Rs0.9 m, Mian Mohammad Sarwar of Al Ahmed Knitting Rs1.3 m, Mohammad Ahmed of M A S Stell Mills, Lahore Rs0.9 m, Mian Hamid Sarwar of Shishmahal Hosiery Rs0.9 m, Sh Mohammad Ashraf of Ashraf Ice Factory Rs0.9 m, Gulshan Begum W/o Zubaidullah Khan of Lahore Rs0.5m, Iftikhar Ali of Lahore Rs0.5 m, Khalid Bashir Khokar of Lahore Rs0.5 m, Arshad Javed Ghurki, Lahore Rs0.5 m, Arshad Javed Khurki, Javed Ghurki, Mhammad Khalid, Jamshed Asghar Ghurki, Sohail Asghar Ghurki, Mrs Rubina of Unique Trading, Lahore Rs0.891 m, Mohammad Iqbal of United Factory Rs0.5 m, Syed Izhar Hussain of Bhatti Brothers Sheikhupura Rs0.9 m, Abdul Rauf Qureshi of Rauf Corporation Lahore Rs0.6 m, Dr Abdul Rauf of Leatheron Lahore Rs0.7 m, Sabir Javed Lhr, Rs 1.2m, Azfar Manzoor Lahore Rs1m, Mrs Qaiser Manzoor Lahore Rs 1.2m, Mohammad Iqbal Javed of Mughal Technical Indus Lahore Rs 0.4m, Mohammad Ishaq Khan of Zahid Industries Lahore Rs 1.5m, Khalid Hatyat of Millat Corporation Rs 0.4m, Mohammad Azhar Leghiar, Dewan Aashiq Hussain, Umer Hayat Bosan, Shauakt Hayat Bosan, Niaz Ahmed, Muzaffar Hussain Bokhari, Mushtaq Shah and Nazar Abbas of Hayat Textile Mills Lahore Rs 110 million, Ghulam Mustafa Khan of Nashika Impex Lahore Rs 4.3m, Mian Tajamal Hussain, Mian Nusratuddin, Mrs Azra Tajamal, Mrs Laila Nusrat, Mrs Saeeda begum of Chenab textile Mills Lahore Rs 25m, Mian Abdur Rehman of Abdulur Rehman and Com Bhwalpur Rs 1.6m, Mian Ghulam Owais Owasi of Owais Industries Bhwalpur Rs 0.9m, Shad Ahmed of Shahzad Cotton Rahim Yar khan Rs 0.9m, Ch. Mohiuddin of Five Star Industries Okara Rs 0.7m, Mohammad Ehsan of Ehsan Soap factory Lahore Rs 09m, Sh. Abdul Jabbar of Feroze Oil and General Mills Okara Rs 0.6m, Sh. Mohammad Latif of Baba Farid Roller flour mill, Pakpattan Rs 0.6m, Shafiqe Ahmed of Mehran Cotton Multan Rs 1.m, Asad Zuabir of Jhangir Industries Multan Rs 0.5m, Riaz Ahmed of Riaz Textile Mills Multan Rs 0.6m, Ch Niaz Muhmmad Multan Rs 0.5m, Zulifkar Ali Industries Multan Rs 0.8m, Hamid Azmat Sheikh of Azmat Towellers Industries Multan Rs 2.4m, Mohammad Hussain of Rafay Textile Industries Burewala Rs 1.4m, Mohammad Ashgar of Asif Oil Mills Kehror Pacca Rs 0.6m, Mohammad Iqbal of Mashal Cotton Kehror Pacca Rs 0.6m, Mohammad Iqbal of Asif Irfan Cold storage Mianchannu Rs 1.4m, Mohammad Nazir of Mudhwal Enginnering Khushab Rs 4.7m, Farooq Saigal, Usman Siagal, Umer Saigal, Saleem Saigal of Kohirnoo textile Mills Liaquatbabad Rs 29m, Abdul Rehman of Gatth Foundary Workshop Faisalabad Rs 7.3billion, Ashraf Textile Rs0.7m, Mohammad Ashraf Rs 1.2m, Universal enterprises Faisalabad Rs 1.m, Javed Autos Sargodha Rs 1.0, Khursheed Ahmed Shad Faisalabad Rs0.66, Imran Saleem Ch. Gujrat Rs 0.737m, Jhangir Saleemullah Gujrat Rs 0.9m, Adnan Aziz Trader Gujrat Rs1.2m, Inayat Industries Gujrat Rs 1.2m, M. Rashid General Metal Works Gujrat Rs 0.8m, Safdar and Com Gujrat Rs 2.2m, Younis-National Weaving Fact, Gujrat Rs 1.2m, S. Mohammad Oil Mills Attock Rs 1.286m, Imran Shah and Bros Rwalpindi Rs 1.03m, Hazara Wodden Mills Rawalpindi Rs 1.133m, Lt. Col Rabnawaz of Nawaish Gypsum Jhelum Rs 0.6m, Food Department of NWFP Rs 3.434m, Begum Noor Jehan Mardan Peshawar Rs 6.8m, K. Mahmoodullah of MS LTCF, Islamabad Rs3m, Seth Dawood Group of MS Pakistan Paper corporation Charsada Rs 19 million, Seth Sahbir Hussain of MS Castle Industries Haripur Rs 12 million, Fateh Weeolen Industries Rs5million, Juma Khan Quetta Rs 4.6 m, Abdul Qayum Quetta Rs 0.5m, Ghazi Khan Quetta Rs 0.7m, Syed Abdul Rashid Quetta Rs 0.9m, Zahoor Ahmed Quetta Rs 0.7m, Zahoor Ahmed son of Haji Abdullah Samad Quetta Rs 0.74m, Ahmed Khan Quetta Rs 0.814m, Jhangir Khan Quetta Rs 06m, Mirza Mohammad Quetta Rs 0.5m, Mir Khuda Bux Muri, Mir Nawaz Marri, Mrs Elsa Mariie Benazir , Ms Kamal Faria Marri and Miss Anita Marri Rs 1.7m, Malick Abdullah Jan Quetta Rs 0.7m, Ashraf shoe company Mirpur, Kashmir, Rs 6.4m, Abdulleh Saleh Rs 123m Saudia Arabia, Amjad Malick Karachi Rs 2.2m, Abdul Wahab Karachi Rs 2.4m, Ghazala Haq and Amjad Malick Karachi Rs 6m, Mir Mehraullah Mengal Karachi Rs1.2 m. Mohammad Sadiq of Chand Mills Karachi Rs 0.5m, MB Dhody Karachi Rs 3m, Sardar Mohammad of General Tractor Machinery Karachi Rs 3m, Noor Ali Group, Karachi got about Rs 3m written-off, Mohammad Hussain of Process Pakistan Rs 1.19m, Mohammad Sarfraz Paracha of East Asia Trading Karachi Rs 0.7m, Ghulam Ali Talpur Karachi Rs 0.6m, Lt-Col M . Jaffar Karachi Rs 2.7m, Noor Ali Hirani Karachi Rs 1.2m, Sun Publication Rs 1.3m, Tariq Jaffar Campher Pak Karachi Rs 10m, Mohammad Pervez, Col Akhlaq Ali Khan, Talibul Rasool, Abdul Jalil, Mohammad Yousaf Mirza of Allied Textile Mills Larkana Rs 296m, R Hasan Ali, Hyderabad Rs 0.9m, Mehboob Elahi of Sindh Tanneris Hyderabad Rs 4.89m, Haji and company Lahore Rs 0.9m, Syed Amjad Ali Gujranwala Rs 2.178m, Ch. Mohammad Anwar of Elegzender and co Rs 1.7m, Mohammad Younis of Younis Company Lahore Rs 8.4m, Sh Javed Iqbal and Brother LahoreRs 2.4m, Denn Autos Lahore Rs 1.8m, Begum Sherin Wahab, Abdul Qayum, Mumtaz Ahmed Abdul Jabbar, Mrs Sahiba Qayum of Sarhad Cresent Indsutries Rs 9.5m, Javed Zia, Mrs Kasur Javed, Salman Zai, Umer Javed, Miss Amber Javed nad Zafar Inami and Ghulam Rasool of Okara Textile Mills Rs 126million. And Fazal Elahi Malik, Teshin of Ally Hoisery Mills Lahore got Rs 0.7 million written-off. In year 2000, the NBP wrote off many loans. In Peshawar Rs1 m of Mrs Aurangzeb of Ms Rahman Ice Factory was written-off. FAISALABAD: Maryam Fatama weaving factory, Rs 4.5m, Ashfaq Hussain of Al Najaf Traders Faisalabad Rs 2.5m, Ch. Mohamamd Tufail of Rehan Cotton Primahal Rs 1.4m, Ms Sajja International F/abad Rs 0.5m. MULTAN: Mohammad Hanif Rahm Yar Khan Rs1.0m, Mhamamd Aslam RYK Rs 0.9m, AJ Textile Industry RYK Rs6.9m, Madni electric traders Ahmedpureast Rs 0.666m, Ghulam Jaffar Jalwana Bhwalpur Rs 0.6m, Irfan Salman paper mills Sadiaqabad Rs 7.3m, Mian Tariq Gurmani and Suryia Iqbal Gurmani Thatta Gurmani Industries Kot Addu Rs1.5m, Al. Farooq Electronics Rs0.5m, Al Hasnaian Enterprises Rs 0.646m, Rizwan Textile Mills Rs0.6m, Mehboob Ahmed Rs 0.7m, Mohamamd Khalid Rs0.6m, Abul Sattar Rs 0.5m, Shahid Pervez Rs 0.7m, Al Azhar Textile Mills ( Mirza Azhar Beg nad Mrs Rafiqan Begum) Rs 6.4m, Barington Pharama of Pervez Iqbal Rs 1.9m, Jhandir Textile of Mohammad Akram Rs 0.5m, Mohammad Naeem of Four NS Fabrics Rs 1.3m, Mudasar Haider Chemica Rs1.5m, Sultan Wool Industries, Sahiwal Rs1.11m, Baby soap factory Kasoor Rs 2.7m, Mian AND Company Malsi Rs 0.7m Dhah Brothers weaving Vehari of Munir Khan, Sadia Shabnam, Raheem Baksh Rs 3.2m and Javed Cotton Industries Lodhran of Malik Usman, Malick Meraj Khalid and Mohammad Ajmal Rs 1.5m, and Mashallah Cotton factory Mailisi Rs 0.9m. HYDERABAD: Sardian Paints Rs 2m, Al Amna Entp Rs 1m, MS Prince Rice Rs 1.3m, Niazi Ice Rs 1.44m, Associates Rs 0.766m, Jan Mohammad Rs 0.6m, Abdul Jabbar Rs 0.7m, Ali Gul Brohi Rs 1.1m, Abdul Majeed Rs 0.9m, MaliK Rice Mills Rs 2.7m, Intasia Entp Rs 43m, Expotex Limited Rs 49m, Excelisor industries Rs 5.1m, All Leather Limited Rs 1m, Mumtaz Mohammad Khan Zai Rs 0.772m, Sameer Garments Rs 0.8m, Rafiq Saigal, Afsar Khan, got two loans of Allied Paper Industries Karachi to the tune of Rs 35m written-off. Abdul Rashid Rs 0.5, Khan Ice Factory Rs 1m, Ashraf Traders Rs 0.7m, Anglo Universal Karachi Rs 0.7m, Gulf Food Industries Rs 0.8m, Makhdoom Traders Rs 0.5m, MA Footwear Rs 1.1m, Commodity Impex Rs 3m, Fetisal Grain Rs 1.2m, Aftab Garments Rs 0.6m, Citizen Process Rs 0.5m, Farm Products Rs 0.7m, Javed Iqbal Rs 0.6m, Masood Ahmed Qureshi Rs 1.14m, Moash Traders Rs 4m, Sabeena Enterprises Rs 8.9m. LAHORE: Ms Jarral International Rs 1.8m, Ms Ghulam Hussain Rs 0.9m, Ehssan Machinery story Rs 0.5m, Tariq Mansoor Rs 0.8m, Zab Poly Proplyeine Products Rs 3.4m, Syed Waseem Ahmed Rs 0.55m, and M/S Wasjid Ali of Gulberg-II Rs 18m. ISLAMABAD: Bashir Awan Rs 0.7m, Tariq Rehman Rs 0.7m, Amir Nawab Rs 0.9m, Azra Noreen Rs 2.2m, Nasir Fatima Rs 2.2m, Inamullah Saeed Rs 1.2m, M Safdar Rs 0.88m, Star Corporation Rs 2.735m, Mughal Ice Plant of Col Rafiq Baig Rs 1.3m, Shaheen Engineering Rs 2.2m, Fazal Electric Rs 0.7m, Malick Mohammad Akhtar Rs 0.5m, Yaqoob Brothers Rs 0.5m, Amjad Gilani, Tariq Gilani and Khalid Gilani of Nisa Enterprises Rs 0.5m. EX-MBL: They belong to Karachi. Al Rehman Services Rs 0.6m, Baba Manna Rs 1.m, Saeedudin Zubair Rs 0.6m, Trade Link of Manzoor Qaider Rs 1.2m, Bhai Hashim Rs 0.7m, IK Corporation Rs 0.7m, M Farooq Rs 0.6m, and Saleem Khan Rawalpindi Rs 0.7m. QUETTA: Sonmiani Fish Rs 2.2m, Abdul Qadier Rs 0.511m, Mohammad Alam Rs 0.5m, Hanid Moula Dad Rs 0.5m, Mohamamd Ramzan Rs 0.5m, Mohammand Hassan Rs 0.5m, Gul Mohammad Rs 0.5m, Mazar Khan Rs 0.5m, Faiz Ahmed Rs0.7m, Abdul Mateen Rs 0.86m, Shin Gul Tareen Rs 0.6m, Abdul Qadir Rs0.6m, Mohamamd Zahir Rs0.77m. The loan written-off during year 2001: KARACHI: Amed Trading Rs 2.9m, Farna Ice Rs 1.2m, Mohamamd Yasin Rs 1m, Shaffaf Ice Factory Rs 2.5m, Anwar Iqbal Rs 1.1m, Engineering Products Rs 1.5m, Indus Oil Expellers Rs 3m, Poshak International Rs 0.8m, Eastern Garments Rs 21m, Asif Owais Rs 0.6m, Nazir Ahmed Rs 0.8m, Mohammad Khursheed Khan Rs 0.5m, Mohammad Ramzan Rs 1m, General Traders Rs 10m, Quality Builders Rs 1.5m, Karachi Water Proofing Rs 0.9m, Mohammad Ramzan Rs 0.6m, Hukum Khan Rs 0.8m, Syed Raziddin Rs 0.5m, MS Tehseen Rs 0.5m, Yousaf Cheema Rs 0.7m, Jamil Rs 1.3m, Shabbir Ahmed Junami, Tasveer Ahmed Jumani, Taheree Ahmed Jumani, Azshraf Kahton, Salla Jumani, Shaukat Memon and Ms Shereen Jumani of Annud Textile Mills got a massive loan of Rs 279m written-off. Abid Hassan Rs 0.5m, Haq Nawaz Dahri Rs 0.5m, Shah Nawaz Khan Rs 0.5m, Fizza Nazim Rs 0.8m, Mohammad Hayat Rs 0.5m, Nadeem Ahmed Rs 0.7m, FB Burki Ice Factory Rs 1.4m, Karachi Transport Corporation Rs 79m, Babar Rafiq Rs 0.6m, Nisar Ahmed Rs 0.5m, Qaisruzzman Rs 0.6m, Sajjad Hussain Rs 0.5m, Nasir Rafiq Rs 0.5m, Badar Ahmed Rs 0.5m, Manzar Farreed Rs 0.6m, Khalid Mehmood Rs 0.6m, Saeed Ahmed Rs 0.6m, Jawaid Textile Industries Rs 0.9m, Mansoor Yousaf Rs 0.5m, Mohammed Ismail Rs 0.5m, Aamir Hashmi Rs 0.551m, Sajid Ali Rs 0.7m, Mushtaq Hussain Rs 0.5m, Tahir Ehtasham Rs 0.6m, Mohamamd Noman Bhatti Rs 0.5m, Saleemuddin Rs 0.5m, Anissudin Rs 0.6m, Mobina Begum Rs 0.6m, Miss Tabassum Shehnaz Rs 0.6m, Mohaamd Yousaf Rs 0.6m, Mant Lal Maulal Rs 0.67m, Athar Batool Rs 0.78m, Shahid Khan Rs 0.5m, Azam Afraid Rs 0.6m, Syed Qasim Hussain Rs 0.539m, Syed Khaliluddin Rs 0.575m, Abdul Qayum Rs 0.681m, Mohammad Burhan Khan Rs 0.825m, Syed Khuram Raza Naqvi Rs 0.543m, Saad Ahmed Rs 0.6m, Hasan Shakeel Rs 0.8m, Ali Hassan Rs 0.534m, Mohammad Irfan Rs 0.55m, Shafiq Ahmed Rs 0.8m, Khwajamoinul HasanRs0.666m, Raza Hassan Rs 0.5m, Syed Afaq Rs0.6m, Syed Mohammad Nasim Ali, Rs0.6M, Mohammad Aslam Rs 0.6m, Syed Aslam Ali Rs 0.6m, Asif Rehman Rs 0.665m, Asif Rehman Rs 0.66m, Asim Ilyas Rs 0.5m, Adnanul HassaN Rs 0.8m, Syed Rasheed Ahmed Rs 0.5m, Monbina Afzal Rs 0.7m, Kamran Rauf Rs 0.7m, Najam Akthar Rs 0.8m, S Sharafifuddin Rs 0.8m and Imtiaz Hussain Zaid Rs 0.6m. Khalid Beg Rs 0.5m, Mohammad Aman Rs 0.6m, Tariq Baloch Rs 0.666m, Mohamamd Mobin Sheikh Rs 0.6m, Ms Golden Plant Ind Rs 0.7m, S Ali Ahmed Zaidi Rs 0.7m, Siddiqi Rs 1.1m, Ms Pakistan Rs 1.4m, Ms Metropolitan Rs 190m, Altaf Husain Shah Rs 0.5m, Mehmoodul Hassan Rs 0.5m, Mashiuddin Rs 0.9m, Aitzazuddin Rs 1.55m, Ihtashamuddin Rs 0.55m, FS Aizuddin Rs 0.5m, FS Ayazuddin Rs 1.6m, Mrs Shaim Fatima Rs 0.6m, Iqbal Shakoor Rs 0.6m, Mujeebuddin Rs 0.5m, Mrs Meharur Nisa Rs.7m, Anwar Raza Khan Rs 0.7m, Anwar Raza Khan Rs 0.7m, Mohmmad Jamil Rs 0.9m, Sardar Shakeel Rs 0.6m, Rashid Ali Rs 0.6m, Mohmmad Hanif Rs 0.8m, Abdul Shakoor Rs 0.6m, Adnan Husain Rs0.7m, Ahsan Anjum Rs 0.66m. Fareed Gul Rs 0.6m, Khuda Bux Rs 0.5m, M Faisal Rs 0.7m, Basir Alam Rs 0.6m, M Waseem Rs 0.65m, Mrs Rubena Rs 0.665m, Shahbaz Aqeel Rs 0.659m, Sharjeel Qaider Rs 0.5m, Tahir Anjum Rs 0.655m, Abdul Azim Rs 0.5m, Abdul Razak Rs 0.5m, Akhtar Hussain Rs 0.5m, Asif Sormoo Rs 0.554m, Fayyaz Ahmed Rs 0.544m, M Saleem Rs 0.5m, Sadia Bano Rs 0.5m, Moizuddin Rs 0.5m, Adul Haq Rs 0.54m, Mrs Kasur Perveen Rs 0.5m, Mohammad Rafiq Rs 0.55m, Mohammad Saleem Rs 0.5m, Rana Mohamamd Rs 0.545m, Rukhsan Begum Rs 0.5m, Rehan Shahid Rs 0.5m, Tahir Raza Rs 0.5m, Ashifaq Ahmed Rs 0.5m. Year 2002: Following tycoons got their loans written-off in 2002. Agri Autos Inds, Haleema Majeed Sons, Amie Investment, Sultan Textile Mills, Century Weaving, Husasin Towels, Durrani Associations, Nasir Khan, Muhammad Zafeef, Mohammad Usman, Ali Bux, Malick Munsif Khan, Mohammad Usman, Nabi Bux Baloch, Nisar Fatima, Akhar Bhugi Assoicates, Irfan Basharat, Samco Industries, Saeed Hasan, RN Stell products, Punjab Ceremic, Mahbub Ashraf, Gulberg Caterers, Samanabad enterprises, Azhar company, Sindhu Marbal company, Shabirruddin, Mohammad Husain, Rashid Sons, Rehman Oil Mills, Abu Bakar cold storage and oil factory. BHAWALPUR: Shafi Oil mills, Ahmed Industries, Goheer Oil mills, MULTAN: Union Straw paper board, jail traders, Omar Hardware, Khan Brothers cotton, Ali Intp, NK Medicot private limited, Al Munir textile private limited and Sadiqabad textile mills. Sinopak. (The list is still incomplete because of space constraints) A few of those who got loans written off were genuine cases as they suffered sick industry or bankruptcy. Their loans were written off according to rules and prevalent law. Some of the beneficiaries, however, submitted bogus claims and the banks did not follow rules and regulations in writing off their loans.

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Background of Operation Rah-e-Nijat

 August 6, 2008: Pakistan begins a military operation in Bajaur Agency.

April 28, 2009: Pakistan begins operation in Swat to clear militants led by Maulana Fazlullah, low-level violence continues up to present after initial clearing.

May 17: President Ali Asif Zardari declares, “We’re going to go into Waziristan.”

June 28: Hafiz Gul Bahadur, Taliban commander in North Waziristan, ambushes convoy and September 2006 truce.

July 16: Infantry and armor arrives in Miranshah, North Waziristan and Tank district.

August 5: Baitullah Mehsud killed in drone strike near Makin, South Waziristan.

August 22: Hakeemullah Mehsud declared TTP Leader.

September 22: Large clashes between militants and security forces in North Waziristan.

October 5: TTP attacks UNWFP office in Islamabad.

October 9: Car bomb explodes in Peshawar’s Khyber bazaar.

October 10: General Headquarters (GHQ) of the Pakistani military attacked.

October 15: Simultaneous attacks on law enforcement facilities in Lahore.

October 16: Government meets and decides to launch operation at behest of Pakistani military head General Ashfaq Pervez Kayani, who urges the commencement to respond to recent terror attacks.

October 17: Operation Rah-e-Nijat (Path to Deliverance) begins

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Army Chief's Letter to mehsood Tribes

Geography and brief history of South Waziristan

The Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in Pakistan are areas bordering Afghanistan, outside the four provinces, comprising a region of some 27,220 km² (10,507 sq mi). The area has Afghanistan to the north-west, North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) to the east and Balochistan to the south. The area is colloquially referred to as Pakistan's Tribal Belt or Pak tribal belt.


The geographical arrangement of the seven Tribal Areas in order from north to south is: Bajaur, Mohmand, Khyber, Orakzai, Kurram, North Waziristan, South Waziristan. The geographical arrangement of the six Frontier Regions in order from north to south is: Peshawar, Kohat, Bannu, Lakki Marwat, Tank, Dera Ismael Khan.

Waziristan, a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan and covering some 11,585 km², is divided into two "agencies", North Waziristan and South Waziristan, with estimated populations of around 0.6 million and 0.8 million respectively.

South Waziristan is the southern part of Waziristan. It comprises the area west and southwest of Peshawar between the Tochi River to the north and the Gomal River to the south, forming part of Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA).

Waziristan is named after the Pashtun Wazir tribe. South Waziristan is the largest FATA in size. It has two headquarters: Tank is the winter headquarters of the Agency while Wana is its summer headquarters. Mullah Nazir has clout in this area presently. It has been functioning since 1895. It is bounded to the north by the North Waziristan Agency, to the north-east by Bannu and Lakki Marwat Districts, to the east by Tribal Area Adjoining Tank District and D.I. Khan Districts, to the south by Zhob District of Balochistan Province and Tribal Area Adjoining D.I. Khan District, and to the west by Afghanistan. The total area of the Agency is 6,619 km².

The Agency is mostly a mass of rugged and complex hills and ridges. There are no regular mountain alignments. The land rises gradually from south and east to north and west. The dominating range is the Preghal in the west along the border with Afghanistan. It is the highest peak which is 3,515 metres high. Zarmelan, Wana, Shakki, Zalai, Spin and Tiarza are the main plains of the Agency. The Mahsuds and Waziris are the two main tribes of this Agency. The Mahsud tribe inhabits the northern regions of South Waziristan near Razmak in North Waziristan.

North Waziristan is the northern part of Waziristan. It comprises the area west and south-west of Peshawar between the Tochi river to the north and the Gomal river to the south, forming part of Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). Miran Shah is capital of North Waziristan.

It is bounded on the north by Afghanistan, Kurram Agency and Hangu District, on the east by Tribal Areas Adjoining Bannu District and Tribal Area Adjoining Karak and Bannu Districts. On the south by South Waziristan Agency and on the west also by Afghanistan. The total area of the agency is 4,707 square kilometres.

The chief tribes in North Waziristan are the Utmanzai Wazirs and Dawars. Militant Commander Hafiz Gul Bahadur has clout in this area presently. The North Waziristan Agency consists of three sub-divisions and nine Tehsils. The Miran Shah sub-division comprises the Miran Shah, Ghulam Khan, and Datta Khel tehsils. The Mir Ali sub-division contains the Mir Ali, Spinwam, and Shewa tehsils. The Razmak sub-division consists of the Razmak, Dossali, and Garyum tehsils.



South Waziristan has been a centre of militants and Jihadi Organizations for past 25 years. Security forces entered South Waziristan in July 2002 for the first time since 1947. The security forces first launched operation against foreign militants but widened its scope later as militants struck back. First peace agreement was made in April 2004 while second in February 2005 but both the agreements could not sustain and skirmishes continued surging. Suicide attacks on security forces’ convoys and check-posts also increased. The following groups have been active in South Waziristan: Baitullah Group, Mullah Nazir Group, Hafiz Gul Bahadur Group, Mullah Yaseen Group, Abu Qatada Group and Uzbek Group. According to security forces, many suicide bombers’ training centers are present in Mehsud area.
 
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Constitution of Pakistan

The Natoinal Assesmbly of Pakistan passed the constitution on 10th April 1973. The presedent of assembly authenticated on 12th of april and the assembly published the constitution of ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN


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The Pakistan Television Corporation

Pakistan's national television broadcaster. The first live transmission of PTV began on November 26, 1964, in Lahore. As of 2007, the PTV family includes six channels.

History

Unlike other state-run corporations, the television company was allowed by the Government of Pakistan to raise a sizeable amount of private capital to finance the stations. This includes a Rs25 pcm[1] TV fee charge to all the consumers of electricity.




In October 1963, the government signed an agreement with the Nippon Electronic Company (NEC) of Japan to have NEC operate affiliates for PTV. On 26 November 1964, the first television station commenced broadcasts in the cities of Lahore, and Dhaka (then the capital of East Pakistan). Centres were established in Karachi and Rawalpindi/Islamabad in 1967, and in Peshawar and Quetta in 1974.



Originally broadcast in black and white, PTV began colour transmission on February 18, 1979. [2] With this new upgrade in techniques and equipment, the Pakistan Television Academy was founded and opened in 1987 to teach students who wished to work in the medium. As with the other agreement, the government financed most of the funds while the private venture capitalists offered to fund the remainder.



During the decades of 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, PTV dramas and teleplays were considered as the best in Indian Subcontinent, like Khuda Ki Basti, Unkahi, Tanhaaiyan, Angan Tera, Fifty Fifty, Studio Dhai (2-1/2), Studio Ponay Teen (2-3/4), Andehra Ujala, Sauna Chandi, Uncle Urfi, Taleem-e-Baalighan, Alif Noon, Waaris, Dhoop Kinare, Sunehray Din, Alpha Bravo Charlie, Ana, Akhri Chatan, Zair Zabar and Bluck Buster Serials Like Pesh,alpha bravo charli,Dhoavan,kat Putli,Wafa Ham Nibain Gai,Bandhan.Kaghaz Kay Phool,Muqqdas,Bint-e-Adam,Malangi and many others.

Policy

The broader perspective to start electronic media in the country was to inform and educate the people through wholesome entertainment and to inculcate in them a greater awareness of their own history, heritage, current problems and development as well as knowledge of the world at large.




In fulfillment of its broad and main objectives, PTV's telecast policy concerning various matters of national and international interests has always been motivated and guided by the cardinal principles of educating viewers about the values that are vitally important in building a united, integrated and disciplined society. These objectives have successfully been achieved through a variety of programs on religion, education, entertainment and culture.



The projection of new emerging social order is highlighted in PTV's general programming focusing directly and indirectly on the themes like morality, civic or national responsibilities, drive against narcotics, environmental pollution, agricultural reforms in discussions, shows, and through anchorpersons in the transmission.



PTV channels are family oriented and the salient features of its policy are as follows:



PTV Corporation's broadcasts are family oriented and they carters the need of local audience by showing eastern family programs.

It also acts on social development theory of media, that’s why it shows informative programs about health and social issues.

It also censors commercials and holds a conservative standard as compared to other channels.

It supports government policies on national and international matters

Moula Jatt

Moula Jatt was released on February 11, 1979. This mega hit film completed 130 weeks at Shabistan Cinema and 26 weeks at Odeon Cinema Lahore and combined 310 weeks Moula Jattin its first run. This film also completed Solo Golden Jubilees in Faislabad, Rawalpindi and Multan and solo silver jubilees in Gujranwala, Sialkot, Sargodha and Gujrat. During it's second run Moula Jatt completed combined Diamond Jubilee at Metropole cinema (30 weeks) and Capital cinema (34 weeks) Lahore. At second run it was released at 27 cinemas and completed Silver Jubilee in first week and Golden Jubilee in Second week at Lahore - an unique record! It was the first ever Diamond Jubilee at Qaiser and Godian Cinema Karachi in second run. This film was prepared in just Rs. 600.000 and gained a profit of more than Rs. 60.000.000. Still average business of Moula Jatt is all time record in Pakistan