Background of Operation Rah-e-Nijat

 August 6, 2008: Pakistan begins a military operation in Bajaur Agency.

April 28, 2009: Pakistan begins operation in Swat to clear militants led by Maulana Fazlullah, low-level violence continues up to present after initial clearing.

May 17: President Ali Asif Zardari declares, “We’re going to go into Waziristan.”

June 28: Hafiz Gul Bahadur, Taliban commander in North Waziristan, ambushes convoy and September 2006 truce.

July 16: Infantry and armor arrives in Miranshah, North Waziristan and Tank district.

August 5: Baitullah Mehsud killed in drone strike near Makin, South Waziristan.

August 22: Hakeemullah Mehsud declared TTP Leader.

September 22: Large clashes between militants and security forces in North Waziristan.

October 5: TTP attacks UNWFP office in Islamabad.

October 9: Car bomb explodes in Peshawar’s Khyber bazaar.

October 10: General Headquarters (GHQ) of the Pakistani military attacked.

October 15: Simultaneous attacks on law enforcement facilities in Lahore.

October 16: Government meets and decides to launch operation at behest of Pakistani military head General Ashfaq Pervez Kayani, who urges the commencement to respond to recent terror attacks.

October 17: Operation Rah-e-Nijat (Path to Deliverance) begins

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Army Chief's Letter to mehsood Tribes

Geography and brief history of South Waziristan

The Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in Pakistan are areas bordering Afghanistan, outside the four provinces, comprising a region of some 27,220 km² (10,507 sq mi). The area has Afghanistan to the north-west, North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) to the east and Balochistan to the south. The area is colloquially referred to as Pakistan's Tribal Belt or Pak tribal belt.


The geographical arrangement of the seven Tribal Areas in order from north to south is: Bajaur, Mohmand, Khyber, Orakzai, Kurram, North Waziristan, South Waziristan. The geographical arrangement of the six Frontier Regions in order from north to south is: Peshawar, Kohat, Bannu, Lakki Marwat, Tank, Dera Ismael Khan.

Waziristan, a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan and covering some 11,585 km², is divided into two "agencies", North Waziristan and South Waziristan, with estimated populations of around 0.6 million and 0.8 million respectively.

South Waziristan is the southern part of Waziristan. It comprises the area west and southwest of Peshawar between the Tochi River to the north and the Gomal River to the south, forming part of Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA).

Waziristan is named after the Pashtun Wazir tribe. South Waziristan is the largest FATA in size. It has two headquarters: Tank is the winter headquarters of the Agency while Wana is its summer headquarters. Mullah Nazir has clout in this area presently. It has been functioning since 1895. It is bounded to the north by the North Waziristan Agency, to the north-east by Bannu and Lakki Marwat Districts, to the east by Tribal Area Adjoining Tank District and D.I. Khan Districts, to the south by Zhob District of Balochistan Province and Tribal Area Adjoining D.I. Khan District, and to the west by Afghanistan. The total area of the Agency is 6,619 km².

The Agency is mostly a mass of rugged and complex hills and ridges. There are no regular mountain alignments. The land rises gradually from south and east to north and west. The dominating range is the Preghal in the west along the border with Afghanistan. It is the highest peak which is 3,515 metres high. Zarmelan, Wana, Shakki, Zalai, Spin and Tiarza are the main plains of the Agency. The Mahsuds and Waziris are the two main tribes of this Agency. The Mahsud tribe inhabits the northern regions of South Waziristan near Razmak in North Waziristan.

North Waziristan is the northern part of Waziristan. It comprises the area west and south-west of Peshawar between the Tochi river to the north and the Gomal river to the south, forming part of Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). Miran Shah is capital of North Waziristan.

It is bounded on the north by Afghanistan, Kurram Agency and Hangu District, on the east by Tribal Areas Adjoining Bannu District and Tribal Area Adjoining Karak and Bannu Districts. On the south by South Waziristan Agency and on the west also by Afghanistan. The total area of the agency is 4,707 square kilometres.

The chief tribes in North Waziristan are the Utmanzai Wazirs and Dawars. Militant Commander Hafiz Gul Bahadur has clout in this area presently. The North Waziristan Agency consists of three sub-divisions and nine Tehsils. The Miran Shah sub-division comprises the Miran Shah, Ghulam Khan, and Datta Khel tehsils. The Mir Ali sub-division contains the Mir Ali, Spinwam, and Shewa tehsils. The Razmak sub-division consists of the Razmak, Dossali, and Garyum tehsils.



South Waziristan has been a centre of militants and Jihadi Organizations for past 25 years. Security forces entered South Waziristan in July 2002 for the first time since 1947. The security forces first launched operation against foreign militants but widened its scope later as militants struck back. First peace agreement was made in April 2004 while second in February 2005 but both the agreements could not sustain and skirmishes continued surging. Suicide attacks on security forces’ convoys and check-posts also increased. The following groups have been active in South Waziristan: Baitullah Group, Mullah Nazir Group, Hafiz Gul Bahadur Group, Mullah Yaseen Group, Abu Qatada Group and Uzbek Group. According to security forces, many suicide bombers’ training centers are present in Mehsud area.
 
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Constitution of Pakistan

The Natoinal Assesmbly of Pakistan passed the constitution on 10th April 1973. The presedent of assembly authenticated on 12th of april and the assembly published the constitution of ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN


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The Pakistan Television Corporation

Pakistan's national television broadcaster. The first live transmission of PTV began on November 26, 1964, in Lahore. As of 2007, the PTV family includes six channels.

History

Unlike other state-run corporations, the television company was allowed by the Government of Pakistan to raise a sizeable amount of private capital to finance the stations. This includes a Rs25 pcm[1] TV fee charge to all the consumers of electricity.




In October 1963, the government signed an agreement with the Nippon Electronic Company (NEC) of Japan to have NEC operate affiliates for PTV. On 26 November 1964, the first television station commenced broadcasts in the cities of Lahore, and Dhaka (then the capital of East Pakistan). Centres were established in Karachi and Rawalpindi/Islamabad in 1967, and in Peshawar and Quetta in 1974.



Originally broadcast in black and white, PTV began colour transmission on February 18, 1979. [2] With this new upgrade in techniques and equipment, the Pakistan Television Academy was founded and opened in 1987 to teach students who wished to work in the medium. As with the other agreement, the government financed most of the funds while the private venture capitalists offered to fund the remainder.



During the decades of 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, PTV dramas and teleplays were considered as the best in Indian Subcontinent, like Khuda Ki Basti, Unkahi, Tanhaaiyan, Angan Tera, Fifty Fifty, Studio Dhai (2-1/2), Studio Ponay Teen (2-3/4), Andehra Ujala, Sauna Chandi, Uncle Urfi, Taleem-e-Baalighan, Alif Noon, Waaris, Dhoop Kinare, Sunehray Din, Alpha Bravo Charlie, Ana, Akhri Chatan, Zair Zabar and Bluck Buster Serials Like Pesh,alpha bravo charli,Dhoavan,kat Putli,Wafa Ham Nibain Gai,Bandhan.Kaghaz Kay Phool,Muqqdas,Bint-e-Adam,Malangi and many others.

Policy

The broader perspective to start electronic media in the country was to inform and educate the people through wholesome entertainment and to inculcate in them a greater awareness of their own history, heritage, current problems and development as well as knowledge of the world at large.




In fulfillment of its broad and main objectives, PTV's telecast policy concerning various matters of national and international interests has always been motivated and guided by the cardinal principles of educating viewers about the values that are vitally important in building a united, integrated and disciplined society. These objectives have successfully been achieved through a variety of programs on religion, education, entertainment and culture.



The projection of new emerging social order is highlighted in PTV's general programming focusing directly and indirectly on the themes like morality, civic or national responsibilities, drive against narcotics, environmental pollution, agricultural reforms in discussions, shows, and through anchorpersons in the transmission.



PTV channels are family oriented and the salient features of its policy are as follows:



PTV Corporation's broadcasts are family oriented and they carters the need of local audience by showing eastern family programs.

It also acts on social development theory of media, that’s why it shows informative programs about health and social issues.

It also censors commercials and holds a conservative standard as compared to other channels.

It supports government policies on national and international matters

Moula Jatt

Moula Jatt was released on February 11, 1979. This mega hit film completed 130 weeks at Shabistan Cinema and 26 weeks at Odeon Cinema Lahore and combined 310 weeks Moula Jattin its first run. This film also completed Solo Golden Jubilees in Faislabad, Rawalpindi and Multan and solo silver jubilees in Gujranwala, Sialkot, Sargodha and Gujrat. During it's second run Moula Jatt completed combined Diamond Jubilee at Metropole cinema (30 weeks) and Capital cinema (34 weeks) Lahore. At second run it was released at 27 cinemas and completed Silver Jubilee in first week and Golden Jubilee in Second week at Lahore - an unique record! It was the first ever Diamond Jubilee at Qaiser and Godian Cinema Karachi in second run. This film was prepared in just Rs. 600.000 and gained a profit of more than Rs. 60.000.000. Still average business of Moula Jatt is all time record in Pakistan

Pakistan's Cricket

Pakistan’s first Test match was played in Delhi in October 1952 as part of a five Test series which India won 2-1. Pakistan made their first tour of England in 1954 and drew the series 1-1 after a memorable victory at The Oval in which fast bowler Fazal Mahmood took 12 wickets. Pakistan’s first home Test match was in Dacca in January 1955 against India, after which four more Test matches were played in Bahawalpur, Lahore, Peshawar and Karachi (all five matches in the series were drawn, the first such occurrence in test history).

The team is considered a strong but unpredictable team. Traditionally Pakistani cricket has been filled with players of great talent but limited discipline, making them a team which could play inspirational cricket one day and then perform less than ordinarily another day. Over the years, competitions between India and Pakistan have always been emotionally charged and provide for intriguing contests, as talented teams from both sides of the border elevate their game to new levels to produce high-quality cricket. Pakistani contest with India in the Cricket World Cup have seen packed stadiums and elevated atmospheres no matter where the World Cup has been held.

The 1986 Australasia Cup, played in Sharjah, is remembered as a famous last-ball victory for Pakistan against arch-rivals India, with Javed Miandad emerging as a national hero. India batted first and set a target of 245 runs, leaving Pakistan with a required run rate of 4.92 runs per over. Javed Miandad came in to bat at number 3, and Pakistan lost wickets at regular intervals. Later recalling the match, Miandad stated that his main focus was to lose with dignity. With 31 runs needed in the last three overs, Miandad hit a string of boundaries while batting with his team's lower order, until four runs were required from the last delivery of the match. Miandad received a leg side full toss from Chetan Sharma, which he hit for six over the midwicket boundary

At the 1992 World Cup Semi Final, having won the toss New Zealand chose to bat first and ended with a total of 262. Pakistan batted conservatively yet lost wickets at regular intervals. With the departure of Imran Khan and Saleem Malik shortly thereafter, Pakistan still required 115 runs at a rate of 7.67 per over with veteran Javed Miandad being the only known batsman remaining at the crease. A young Inzamam-ul-Haq, who had just turned 22 and was not a well-known player at the time, burst onto the international stage with a match-winning 60 off 37 balls. Once Inzamam got out, Pakistan required 36 from 30 balls, which wicketkeeper Moin Khan ended with a towering six over long off, followed by the winning boundary to midwicket. The match is seen as the emergence of Inzamam onto the international stage

The 1992 Cricket World Cup in Australia and New Zealand marked Pakistan's first World Cup victory. It is remembered for the comeback Pakistan made after losing key players such as Waqar Younis and Saeed Anwar, and being led by an injured captain in Imran Khan. Pakistan lost 4 of their first 5 matches and were nearly eliminated in the first round of the tournament after being bowled out for 74 against England, until the match was declared as a "no result" due to rain. Captain Imran Khan famously told the team to play as "cornered tigers", after which Pakistan won five successive matches, including, most famously, the semi-final against hosts New Zealand and the final against England.


                                                           Tournament history


World Cup
                        
1975: First Round     1979: Semi Finals 1983: Semi Finals 1987: Semi Finals 1992: Champions

1996: Quarter Finals 1999: Runners Up 2003: First round 2007: First round

World Twenty20

2007: Runners Up        2009: Champions

Champions Trophy

1998: Quarter Finals   2000: Semi Finals   2002: First round


2004: Semi Finals       2006: First round   2009: Semi Finals


Asia Cup

1984: Third Place   1986: Runners Up   1988: Third Place 1990-91: Did not participate  1995: Third Place 

1997: Third Place   2000: Champions    2004: Third Place  2008: Third Place

Australasia Cup
 
1986: Champions    1990: Champions    1994: Champions

Asian Test Championship

1998-99: Champions                              2001-02: Runners Up

Azad Kashmir

Heaven On Land

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